Research progress and hotspot of the artificial intelligence application in the ultrasound during 2011-2021: A bibliometric analysis.

Ultrasound, as a common clinical examination tool, inevitably has human errors due to the limitations of manual operation. Artificial intelligence is an advanced computer program that can solve this problem. Therefore, the relevant literature on the application of artificial intelligence in the ultrasonic field from 2011 to 2021 was screened by authors from the Web of Science Core Collection, which aims to summarize the trend of artificial intelligence application in the field of ultrasound, meanwhile, visualize and predict research hotspots. A total of 908 publications were included in the study. Overall, the number of global publications is on the rise, and studies on the application of artificial intelligence in the field of ultrasound continue to increase. China has made the largest contribution in this field. In terms of institutions, Fudan University has the most number of publications. Recently, IEEE Access is the most published journal. Suri J. S. published most of the articles and had the highest number of citations in this field (29 articles). It's worth noting that, convolutional neural networks (CNN), as a kind of deep learning algorithm, was considered to bring better image analysis and processing ability in recent most-cited articles. According to the analysis of keywords, the latest keyword is "COVID-19" (2020.8). The co-occurrence analysis of keywords by VOSviewer visually presented four clusters which consisted of "deep learning," "machine learning," "application in the field of visceral organs," and "application in the field of cardiovascular". The latest hot words of these clusters were "COVID-19; neural-network; hepatocellular carcinoma; atherosclerotic plaques". This study reveals the importance of multi-institutional and multi-field collaboration in promoting research progress.

Preparation, Structural Characterization of Anti-Cancer Drugs-Mediated Self-Assembly from the Pluronic Copolymers through Synchrotron SAXS Investigation.

Chemotherapy drugs are mainly administered via intravenous injection or oral administration in a very a high dosage. If there is a targeted drug vehicle which can be deployed on the tumor, the medical treatment is specific and precise. Binary mixing of biocompatible Pluronic® F127 and Pluronic® L121 was used in this study for a drug carrier of pluronic biomedical hydrogels (PBHs). Based on the same PBH ingredients, the addition of fluorouracil (5-FU) was separated in three ways when it was incorporated with pluronics: F127-L121-(5-FU), F127-(5-FU), and L121-(5-FU). Small angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed to uncover the self-assembled structures of the PBHs. Meanwhile, the expected micelle and lamellar structural changes affected by the distribution of 5-FU were discussed with respect to the corresponding drug release monitoring. PBH-all with the mixing method of F127-L121-(5-FU) has the fastest drug release rate owing to the undulated amphiphilic boundary. In contrast, PBH-2 with the mixing method of L121-(5-FU) has a prolonged drug release rate at 67% for one month of the continuous drug release experiment because the flat lamellar amphiphilic boundary of PBH-2 drags the migration of 5-FU from the hydrophobic core. Therefore, the PBHs developed in the study possess great potential for targeted delivery and successfully served as a microenvironment model to elucidate the diffusion pathway of 5-FU.

Induction of heat shock protein 27 by bicyclol attenuates d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury.

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are critical for cell survival under adverse environmental conditions. Bicyclol is a novel hepatoprotectant that has been shown to protect against liver injury by inducing Hsps, including Hsp27 and Hsp70. Although the role of Hsp70 in protecting against acute hepatic failure has been clearly explored, the precise function of Hsp27 in this setting is poorly defined. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of Hsp27 in bicyclol-mediated hepatoprotection. Both primary hepatocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages were subjected to bicyclol treatment, followed by detection of Hsp27 expression. Adenoviruses containing the mouse Hsp27 coding sequence or shRNA interference sequence targeting Hsp27 were used to manipulate Hsp27 expression in the liver before the mice were treated with bicyclol and/or confronted with D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (Galn/LPS)-induced acute liver damage. Only hepatocytes increased their Hsp27 expression after bicyclol treatment and the time course of bicyclol-induced Hsp27 expression in hepatocytes was in line with the in vivo results. Although high-dose bicyclol could protect against liver failure without Hsp27, the effect of bicyclol given at a low dose was dependent on Hsp27 induction. Adenovirus-mediated transduction of Hsp27 protected against acute liver damage and partially replicated the protective effect afforded by bicyclol. These results demonstrated that bicyclol induced Hsp27 expression in hepatocytes, which was essential to bicyclol-mediated hepatoprotection. Overexpression of Hsp27 in hepatocytes could confer remarkable protection against acute liver damage.